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History of Austria
The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state. The name ''Ostarrîchi'' (Austria) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy (later archduchy) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (''Heiliges Römisches Reich'' 962–1806).
Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg (''Haus Österreich'') from 1273 to 1806, when their empire came to an end. Austria then became the Austrian Empire, a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, after which Austria continued as the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918) as a dual monarchy with Hungary. When this empire collapsed in 1918, Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire (its current frontiers), and adopted the name German Austria, since it wanted to join the new German Weimar Republic. However this union was forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles.
Following the First Republic (1918–1933) Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich, but in 1938 it was annexed by Nazi Germany with the support of the majority of the Austrian people.〔(Austria: A Country Study. ) Select link on left for The Anschluss and World War II. Eric Solsten, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, 1993).〕〔Emil Müller-Sturmheim〕 After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995.
== Historiography ==
The history of Austria raises a number of questions. Should it be confined to the current Republic of Austria, or to all lands formerly ruled by the rulers of Austria? Should Austrian history include 1938–1945 when it did not exist? Of the lands now part of modern Austria, many were added over time - only two of the nine provinces or ''Länder''(Lower Austria and Upper Austria) are strictly 'Austria', while other parts are now part of countries like Italy or the Czech Republic. Within Austria there are large regional variations, and parts of Austria have at various times wished to become part of adjacent countries.〔Beller 2006, 2–9〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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